Add support for RTL9302B-based Ubiquiti UniFi USW Pro Max 24 PoE switch
with 16x GbE and 8x 2.5G RJ45 ports, 2x SFP+, and a front display.
Hardware
========
- RTL9302B switch SoC
- 512 MiB RAM
- 32 MiB SPI-NOR flash
- 16x 100M/1G RJ45 ports via 2x RTL8218E
- 8x 100M/1G/2.5G RJ45 ports via 2x RTL8224
- PoE:
- 400W total budget
- 8x 802.3at, 32W per port (ports 1-8)
- 16x 802.3bt, 60W per port (ports 9-24)
- 2x SFP+ ports
- Buttons: 1x Reset
- LEDs: RGBW LED per port (Etherlighting)
- Front touch display via USB ACM (see below)
- Console: TTL 3.3V, 115200 8N1 (internal pin header close to SoC;
layout front to back: VCC RX TX GND)
- Etherlighting feature (lighting patterns and color control)
- Vendor firmware: U-Boot + LEDE-based Ubiquiti OS
MAC address
===========
Single MAC address in EEPROM partition, applied to all ports.
Front touch display
===================
The unit has a touch-capable front display, driven by a dedicated
STM32-based MCU. Unlike other Ubiquiti switches where the MCU is
connected to the SoC via UART directly, here it is exposed as a USB
CDC-ACM serial device through an on-board Genesys Logic GL850G USB hub.
The MCU runs Ubiquiti's LCM firmware and exposes a high-level JSON
protocol (page selection, button-press events, etc.); arbitrary
pixel-level control is not possible without replacing the MCU firmware.
Display support therefore depends on both USB host support and a driver
for the LCM protocol, neither of which is currently available.
Known issues
============
- PoE not available, depends on WIP Realtek PSE MCU driver
- Etherlighting not controllable, driver WIP. Port LEDs for link work
though. By default, the controller keeps the LEDs in a breathing
state, gated by the link state delivered by the Realtek SoC.
Disclaimer
==========
Stock firmware uses a dual-bank layout (kernel0/kernel1, ~15 MiB each).
OpenWrt replaces both banks with a single contiguous firmware partition.
Flashing OpenWrt overwrites both stock kernel slots; U-Boot remains
intact and can be used for recovery.
Installation
============
1. Enable SSH on the stock UniFi OS and log in with user account.
2. Copy the OpenWrt sysupgrade image to /tmp on the switch (e.g. via
scp).
3. Adjust IMG below to point at the copied file, then run the block as a
whole. It writes kernel0, splits into kernel1 if the image is larger
than that slot (otherwise invalidates kernel1 so U-Boot cannot pick
a stale bank), and reboots:
IMG=/tmp/openwrt-realtek-rtl930x-ubnt_usw-pro-max-24-poe-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin
K0_BLOCKS=$((0xec0000 / 0x10000))
dd if="$IMG" of=/dev/mtdblock2 bs=64k count=$K0_BLOCKS conv=fsync
if [ "$(wc -c < "$IMG")" -gt $((0xec0000)) ]; then
dd if="$IMG" of=/dev/mtdblock3 bs=64k skip=$K0_BLOCKS conv=fsync
else
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mtdblock3 bs=64k count=1 conv=fsync
fi
sync
reboot
The switch comes up in OpenWrt after reboot.
4. It is recommended to modify the bootcmd to speed up the boot and
prevent any issues due to the dual-boot selection. Since U-Boot by
default uses bootubnt which does a lot of (unneeded) RTK
initialization, quite some time passes until Linux is started.
Additionally, the U-Boot logic fiddles with some bits on flash which
causes JFFS2 errors in OpenWrt. While this doesn't seem to cause
issues yet, be defensive and set the bootcmd to:
bootm 0xb4150000
This directly boots the uImage from flash, without doing all the
initialization. OpenWrt is able to bootstrap the networking
completely on its own.
It does not matter which bank stock booted from when the dd block
runs: both banks are touched in the same pass (kernel0 written, kernel1
either written or invalidated). With kernel1 invalidated, U-Boot's
internal fallback kicks in and permanently switches to kernel0 on the
next boot, so the device stays on OpenWrt as long as kernel0 is
bootable.
Recovery
========
Since the installation procedure invalidates or partially overwrites
the second bank, recovery requires serial console access (see Hardware
above for pinout).
1. Interrupt U-Boot autoboot by spamming a key during early boot to
drop into the U-Boot prompt.
2. Bring up networking:
rtk network on
3. Transfer an OpenWrt initramfs image via TFTP and boot it:
tftpboot 0x82000000 <server>:<initramfs.bin>
bootm 0x82000000
4. From the running initramfs OpenWrt, do a sysupgrade to reflash
OpenWrt or whatever you want to recover. There is no need for the
complicated procedure from installation since OpenWrt sees the
firmware partition already as a whole.
Return to stock firmware
========================
There is no fully-supported revert path. The stock firmware blob is a
Ubiquiti UBNT archive (header + parts, see firmware-utils' fw.h) that
embeds a u-boot and a kernel0 uImage payload; only the latter is
relevant when writing back to the kernel partitions.
The snippet below extracts the kernel0 uImage from such a blob by
locating the uImage magic and using the size carried in the uImage
header itself, without parsing any UBNT framing. It is provided as a
best-effort starting point; verify the result before flashing,
otherwise you're on your own:
BLOB=<firmware.bin>
OFF=$(grep -aboF $'\x27\x05\x19\x56' "$BLOB" | head -1 | cut -d: -f1)
SIZE=$(( $(dd if="$BLOB" bs=1 skip=$((OFF + 12)) count=4 2>/dev/null \
| hexdump -e '1/4 "%u"') + 64 ))
dd if="$BLOB" of=kernel0.uImage bs=1 skip="$OFF" count="$SIZE"
Once you have a clean uImage, write it to the kernel partition from
within OpenWrt. If you adjusted the bootcmd during installation, make
sure to restore it to the default "bootcmd=bootubnt". After a reboot,
Ubiquiti's firmware should boot.
Or, if you made backups of the flash before installation, just write
the backup back to flash.
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24110
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
c0abf80df1c1 config: fix NULL pointer dereference when typed device creation fails
4a19d2568c0b device: migrate alias users when replacing a device
e2f28e5ec0a8 interface: defer interface removal to avoid use-after-free
34760f2aec34 interface: fix alias handling when the parent interface does not exist
0bab70f05296 bridge: cancel the member retry timer on teardown and free
a562a8eca41d bridge: fix memory leak of hotplug member vlan ranges
4c7b3f7caf88 proto-ext: clear the proto task kill flag when starting a new task
8a38aecd84de system-linux: include the priority when deleting ip rules
844c0fe78eed device: remove unused __devlock counter
dbdf0d0e5830 system-linux: initialise FMR prefix lengths before parsing
fb456b5e65df iprule: keep unchanged rules installed on reload
7d8f9900c273 vrf: sync changes with bonding.c/bridge.c
f0db4101c1ea vrf: remove incorrect IPv6 disable on VRF ports
9dfea5b242b2 vrf: remove unused vrf_empty field
6f6bf8bec23b vrf: rename vrf_state_type to vrf_device_type
37c770a6b86d vrf: add license header
35171a157516 system-linux: fix system_vrf_addif retry loop
6cbcc107e984 bonding: cancel the port retry timer on teardown and free
787848926a19 extdev: fix invalid frees and unwind order on handler registration failure
2a8ed44dc613 interface-ip: fix address family check when removing offlink null-routes
576e1f3de154 interface-ip: preserve subnet route state when keeping an address
10f25df801c1 bridge: fix parsing of the stp_kernel option
3132f007ebf0 bonding: skip present toggle in bonding_free_port() when device is active
24950e564fff bonding: fix stale primary_port pointer after port enable failure
4c8374dc0f79 interface: fix zone string leak on config reload
65e96ba990b2 ubus: fix netns fd leak in netns_updown error path
fa9ee5efd4b2 utils: fix out-of-bounds fallback in uci_get_validate_string
6ccbf71d7a97 utils: fix false positives and dead branch in check_pid_path
3ec503831ebd iprule: default src/dest masks to the host prefix length
9a520edc3be4 system-linux: implement the neighbour flush in system_if_clear_entries
62b6256bf95c system-linux: fix vxlan link creation with gbp disabled
6c0a837f10fc system-linux: fix rtnl socket desync when clearing kernel entries
d1a0ceb71991 macvlan: fix NULL dereference when dumping a device without parent
937c3aa801af vlandev: fix NULL dereference when dumping a device without parent
89025924ba51 vlan: fix device chain lookup for names with a non-vlan separator
c961d1e16814 vlan: fix rejection of maximum length vlan device names
1cbf89e3108c vlandev: fix type of vlan alias lookup result
08a4a7b33056 proto-ext: fix stuck state machine when the setup script fails to launch
c8c8b79a5bcb proto-ext: queue restart requests while a script task is running
0c990ce2ca09 ubus: report failure from the interface restart method
e6af4a5bf6f2 interface: fix undefined shift when computing the ip6hint mask
67f8107fb21c interface-ip: fix undefined shifts in prefix assignment arithmetic
903bd1c3daa5 interface-ip: fix out-of-bounds access in clear_if_addr for zero masks
56ffff895672 system-linux: fix ethtool feature block count
bbc818a6527f system-linux: fix EINTR retry in read_string_file
9c2970832d8f system-linux: fix off-by-one in vxlan VNI validation
c5b5d54ce2f9 bridge: validate the upper bound of hotplug vlan ranges
1595cd7b25da main: handle execvp failure on restart
24b2703171fe handler: guard against zero-length lines when parsing handler dumps
c2b760fc7cc5 handler: free glob results in netifd_init_extdev_handlers
60e3243bdcd8 handler: reject negative parameter types in handler descriptions
274b1594e0ca interface-ip: tear down the ULA prefix on an invalid prefix length
e692ec77d51b interface-ip: expire config routes with a valid option
684dc2d50902 device: fix error handling in device_create
c02101330247 interface: fully clean up partially constructed interfaces on free
1db485d6a39c handler: clear parameter list pointers on parse failure
5694c49f964f system-linux: stop receive loops on netlink errors
d108c504df4e system-linux: fix bogus master ifindex result for non-DSA devices
d6f609170f1e system-linux: fix swapped rx/tx in negotiated pause reporting
8a19380586ef extdev: fix NULL pointer dereference when parsing stats params
a1cc96488c02 extdev: fix memory leaks on device free
d2085a59abbc extdev: fix bridge config leak on no-op reload
4d1a4ae487b6 ucode: close pipe read end in spawned child processes
6c407410259c config: validate bridge vlan port and alias attributes
8afd58bead2f bridge: fix pvid clearing leaking to other vlan members
e8edb3f78652 bonding: fix port failure accounting in bonding_enable_port
6088f7b3b9d7 system-dummy: fix metric clobbering device name in route debug output
Signed-off-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@nbd.name>
e2fa9dcf67a8 uloop: fix use-after-free when cancelling interval timers
329d823294a0 uloop: keep signal handler installed while other watchers remain
3362b39a1c03 kvlist: fix use-after-free when updating an entry in place
b33f74af02b2 list: define list_prev_entry used by list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse
65f62583c236 udebug: check hdr before dereferencing it in set_start_time
9d7fb82530b5 udebug: reject non-power-of-two ring metadata from a peer
2e0e7f0f4d38 udebug: verify shared-memory fd size before mapping
dda814a9750a usock: retry poll() on EINTR in usock_wait_ready()
72e2b396bd9a ustream: reset byte and buffer counters when freeing buffers
be161d0320da utils: guard cbuf_order against zero and one
08081477ad6c uloop: fix kevent() eventlist size argument in register_kevent
0c3eec553828 uloop: fix kqueue timer interval arithmetic
a9ab90bd1d5d uloop: fix use-after-free in signal_consume when a callback deletes a watcher
c08a4ab53129 uloop: fix use-after-free in uloop_handle_processes when a callback deletes a process
7677b7a4f3a4 vlist: pass the tree as comparator context in VLIST_TREE_INIT
Signed-off-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@nbd.name>
Currently, trying to start a 5GHz radio on 8devices Kiwi will fail as
despite the phy listing the 5GHz channels in iw phy dump, no radio actually
claims the 5GHz range.
This is because driver assumes that if radio supports 6GHz then it cannot
be used for 5Ghz, this is however not correct for wideband radios.
So, similar to the 103-wifi-ath12k-fix-5GHz-operation-on-wideband-QCN.patch
patch ath12k_regd_update() so that 5Ghz range is listed as well.
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robert.marko@sartura.hr>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24106
Signed-off-by: Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>
- When working with deeply nested imports, compile errors led to long
error messages or complete hangs by compiling the same module over
and over again.
- Fix for a function expression scope issue.
Signed-off-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@nbd.name>
Extend the git-src source tree override to host builds. It is opt-in via
HOST_USE_GIT_SRC, since by default the host build keeps using the tarball.
Move the git-src detection and checkout recipe into unpack.mk so both the
target and host build reuse the same code.
Signed-off-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@nbd.name>
Replace sprintf() calls with snprintf() to bound writes into the
fixed-size filename[] and slnk[] stack buffers. While the current
inputs are hash-pinned firmware images, snprintf provides defense
in depth against buffer overflows if the format string output ever
exceeds buffer capacity.
Signed-off-by: OrbisAI Security <mediratta01.pally@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23172
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
Feeds update does not make updated packages available to compile; they must be installed.
Despite this, update refreshes the .config, deleting selections in the .config which have not been
installed yet. The deleted selections are not restored with `./scripts/feeds install` nor with
`make defconfig` because these steps cannot conjure up already deleted selections.
Change update to not modify the .config and leave it to `./scripts/feeds install -d <y|m|n>` or
`make defconfig` or other *config options.
Signed-off-by: Ryan Leung <untilscour@protonmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23241
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
Introduce new kernel configuration options for memory management
and hardware-profiling features:
- KERNEL_ARM64_BRBE: Enables support for the Branch Record Buffer
Extension (FEAT_BRBE) on ARM64 architectures when perf events are active.
- KERNEL_PERSISTENT_HUGE_ZERO_FOLIO: Allows allocating a PMD-sized
folio for zeroing, optimizing Transparent Hugepage (THP) allocation
performance.
- KERNEL_NO_PAGE_MAPCOUNT: Adds experimental support for bypassing
per-page mapcount tracking to reduce memory accounting overhead under THP.
These options map directly to their respective kernel options and are
applicable on 6.18 and later.
Signed-off-by: Joshua Covington <joshuacov@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23703
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
Update to the latest Git HEAD (2026-06-21)
bcm27xx-utils:
Separate rpi-fw-crypto and piolib into separate packages
Update required dependencies
rpi-fw-crypto:
switch from GnuTLS to OpenSSL
piolib:
build as a separate lib. Update the CMakeLists.txt file
Signed-off-by: Joshua Covington <joshuacov@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23703
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
The bcm27xx/bcm2708 all-kmods CI build fails when modpost reaches the
DesignWare I2C core module:
ERROR: modpost: "__aeabi_uldivmod"
[drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-designware-core.ko] undefined!
This is triggered by CONFIG_ALL_KMODS=y. The old 32-bit Raspberry Pi
subtargets do not normally select this driver for runtime use, but all-kmods
forces the kmod package to be built anyway. On 32-bit ARM, raw 64-bit
division in a module can cause GCC to emit the ARM EABI helper
__aeabi_uldivmod, which is not available as a kernel module symbol.
The failing reference comes from i2c-designware-master.c, where clock_calc()
uses raw u64 division for SCL timing calculations (introduced with commit
3805d13c3ead21494f7d00aa44f10e3656363d4c in rpi-6.18.y / "i2c: designware:
Support non-standard bus speeds"). That is a kernel-side portability issue,
but these old bcm27xx subtargets do not use DesignWare I2C hardware. They
use the Broadcom I2C controller instead.
The failure is emitted for i2c-designware-core.ko, so guard the hidden core
package itself rather than only guarding the platform or PCI frontend package.
This prevents CONFIG_ALL_KMODS from selecting the failing core module directly
on the affected 32-bit bcm27xx subtargets.
DesignWare I2C is relevant for newer Raspberry Pi 5 / RP1 based systems, so
keep it available for bcm2712.
A similar issue was reported by NixOS for Raspberry Pi ARM builds, where
i2c-designware-core.ko failed with the same unresolved __aeabi_uldivmod symbol.
Their workaround was to disable the DesignWare I2C symbols for older Raspberry
Pi targets that do not need them.
Link: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/464515
Until the underlying ARM32 kernel-side issue is fixed, avoid building
the DesignWare core package on bcm2708, bcm2709 and bcm2710.
Signed-off-by: Joshua Covington <joshuacov@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23703
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
kmod-rp1:
kmod-rp1-mailbox:
RP1 is the I/O controller on the BCM2712 SoC. The RP1 drivers are compiled
directly into the kernel, granting access to peripherals at early boot.
Consequently, separate packages are no longer required for 6.18 on bcm2712.
kmod-rp1-cfe:
Adapt kmod-rp1-cfe packaging for Linux 6.18 kernel changes,
by updating module paths and dependencies for the upstream driver.
kmod-rp1-cfe-downstream:
kmod-rp1-hevc-dec:
Package downstream CFE and HEVC decoder drivers for bcm2712 on 6.18.
kmod-vc4:
Add a conditional dependency on kmod-drm-exec for 6.18 builds
and move DRM helper modules to their corresponding helper kmods.
Signed-off-by: Joshua Covington <joshuacov@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23703
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
Synchronize the device definitions with the current rpi-6.18.y kernel tree.
Add newly introduced DTBs, update supported device identifiers, and
refresh the displayed model names to reflect the supported hardware.
Retain legacy SUPPORTED_DEVICES aliases where necessary to preserve
sysupgrade compatibility.
Signed-off-by: Joshua Covington <joshuacov@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23703
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
These patches were generated from:
https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/commits/rpi-6.18.y
Patches were generated from the diff between linux kernel branch linux-6.18.y
and rpi-6.18.y from raspberry pi kernel source:
git format-patch -N linux-6.18.y..rpi-6.18.y (HEAD)
(HEAD -> 9df439fbf76c0cb9f1a9282a7bf44b3405d51690) as of 20260701
"Commit: Merge remote-tracking branch 'stable/linux-6.18.y' into rpi-6.18.y"
Exceptions:
- github workflow patches
- applied and reverted patches
- README patches
- (def)configs
- patches merged upstream
Signed-off-by: Joshua Covington <joshuacov@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23703
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
ath10k and ath11k support reading calibration variants from the device
tree to locate the correct Board Description File (BDF). The ath12k-wsi
binding already describes using qcom,calibration-variant but it is not
implemented in the driver.
Many ath12k designs expose all the radios under a single phy, each of
which typically require a separate BDF. Without this, the radios may not
come up or will not be calibrated correctly.
Fix this by parsing the device tree for the generation-agnostic
qcom,calibration-variant. This allows the driver to properly select,
read and apply the correct BDF.
Additionally, the ath12k-wsi binding documentation describes using the
generation-specific qcom,ath12k-calibration-variant binding as well as
the generation-agnostic qcom,calibration-variant binding to load
board-specific calibration data from the device tree. However, the
driver never implemented either of these.
Given that no devices currently supported use
qcom,ath12k-calibration-variant and the previous patch implements
qcom,calibration-variant, drop the generation-specific version from the
binding to prevent future confusion.
Tested on Askey SBE1V1K.
Signed-off-by: Andrew LaMarche <andrewjlamarche@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/21767
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
The shell config generator read the client private key from the UCI
options priv_key / priv_key_pwd (and priv_key2 / priv_key2_pwd for the
inner tunnel). The ucode generator was switched to private_key /
private_key_passwd (matching the wpa_supplicant field names), and LuCI
was updated accordingly, but existing configurations still carry the old
option names.
Such configs silently lose their private key: for an EAP-TLS client this
leaves wpa_supplicant without a client key and authentication fails after
upgrading from 24.10.
The schema already lists priv_key / priv_key_pwd, but as plain strings,
so validate() never migrates them. Declare them (and the missing
priv_key2 / priv_key2_pwd) as aliases of the private_key* options so the
old names keep working.
Fixes: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/issues/22599
Fixes: 218f3884d2 ("wifi-scripts: add ucode based scripts")
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-8
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24088
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
The supplicant config generator emitted the altsubject_match,
domain_match and domain_suffix_match server certificate constraints
through the plain (unquoted) variable list. As these are UCI arrays,
they were rendered space-separated and without quotes, e.g.
altsubject_match=DNS:a.example.com DNS:b.example.com
wpa_supplicant parses an unquoted string value as a hex blob, so such a
line fails to parse and the constraint is dropped. wpa_supplicant
expects a single quoted, semicolon-separated string:
altsubject_match="DNS:a.example.com;DNS:b.example.com"
Join these lists with semicolons and emit them as quoted strings.
The inner-tunnel (phase 2) constraints subject_match2, altsubject_match2,
domain_match2 and domain_suffix_match2 were not written to the config at
all; emit them as well. Add the matching inner EAP-TLS options ca_cert2,
client_cert2, private_key2 and private_key2_passwd to the schema so they
validate cleanly.
Fixes: 218f3884d2 ("wifi-scripts: add ucode based scripts")
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-8
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24088
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
The supplicant config generator emitted the phase2 directive as
phase2="auth=${auth}" for every PEAP/TTLS/FAST configuration. That is
wrong whenever the configured inner method is an EAP method: for
auth='EAP-MSCHAPV2' it produced phase2="auth=EAP-MSCHAPV2", which
wpa_supplicant rejects with:
TLS: Unsupported Phase2 EAP method 'EAP-MSCHAPV2'
breaking WPA-Enterprise clients that use an EAP inner method.
Mirror the shell config generator (hostapd.sh): strip the "EAP-" prefix
and pick the phase2 prefix from the method type, i.e. "autheap=" for a
tunneled EAP method with TTLS and "auth=" for a non-EAP method or a
full "auth=..." spec provided by the user.
Fixes: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/issues/24086
Fixes: c92ded2f6e ("wifi-scripts: fix EAP STA support in supplicant config generation")
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-8
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24088
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Commit 1f86f4e471 ("wifi-scripts: ucode: simplify wpa_pairwise default
selection") made HE and EHT BSSes default their pairwise cipher to
"GCMP-256 CCMP", and commit 86b9eec8f0 ("wifi-scripts: ucode: add
WPA3-Personal Compatibility Mode") always put GCMP-256 into the RSNE
Override 2 element on EHT compatibility-mode BSSes.
WPA3 Specification v3.5 only makes GCMP-256 mandatory when the BSS enables
EHT or MLO (section 2.5, item 5); for HE and below the WPA3 and Wi-Fi
Enhanced Open Deployment Guide v1.1 lists it as recommended, not required.
Advertising it by default causes interoperability problems: several
clients fail to associate when GCMP-256 is offered as a pairwise cipher
and connect again with CCMP only (Nanoleaf devices, a Motorola/Unisoc
phone, a Linux/iwd laptop).
Add a gcmp256 UCI option and, like sae_ext_key, default it on only where
GCMP-256 is both mandatory and safe: on Compatibility mode (sae-compat)
BSSes running an EHT htmode, which carry it in a separate RSNE Override 2
element that legacy clients ignore. It defaults off for WPA3-Personal
(sae) and Transition (sae-mixed) mode and on non-EHT BSSes. An explicit
'option gcmp256 0/1' overrides the default per BSS.
Both GCMP-256 pairwise defaults now key off config.gcmp256 (and, from the
earlier driver-support change, the phy actually implementing the cipher):
the sae/sae-mixed "GCMP-256 CCMP" pairwise cipher and the sae-compat RSNE
Override 2 element. The 'encryption sae+gcmp256' suffix and the wpa3-192
mode still force GCMP-256 as before.
Fixes: 1f86f4e471 ("wifi-scripts: ucode: simplify wpa_pairwise default selection")
Fixes: 86b9eec8f0 ("wifi-scripts: ucode: add WPA3-Personal Compatibility Mode")
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-8
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24041
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Commit a12cec9ea3 ("wifi-scripts: ucode: advertise SAE-EXT-KEY AKM
alongside SAE") advertised the SAE-EXT-KEY AKM (00-0F-AC:24, SAE using a
group-dependent hash, aka SAE-GDH) by default on every sae, sae-mixed and
sae-compat BSS.
WPA3 Specification v3.5 only makes this AKM mandatory when the BSS enables
EHT or MLO (section 2.5, item 4); for HE and below it is merely
recommended (sections 2.2 and 2.3). In practice the FT-SAE-EXT-KEY AKM
(SAE-EXT-KEY combined with 802.11r), which gets added automatically once
Fast Transition is enabled, keeps some clients from associating (a Samsung
Galaxy Tab S10 FE) or makes them reboot shortly after connecting (a Poco
X6). Plain SAE-EXT-KEY without FT was seen to work on the same tablet, but
its interoperability is not well tested.
Drop the fixed schema default and pick the default from the auth type in
parse_encryption instead. Only default it on where it is both mandatory
and safe to offer: on Compatibility mode (sae-compat) BSSes running an EHT
htmode, which carry it in a separate RSN Override element that legacy
clients ignore. Keep it off for WPA3-Personal (sae) and Transition
(sae-mixed) mode, where it would sit in the main RSNE that a choking
client cannot ignore, and off on non-EHT BSSes. An explicit
'option sae_ext_key 0/1' still overrides this per BSS.
The SAE-EXT-KEY AKM in the sae-compat RSN Override 2 element now keys off
config.sae_ext_key alone; the extra config.rsn_override_pairwise_2 guard
is dropped, decoupling the AKM from the GCMP-256 pairwise cipher so each
follows its own option.
Fixes: a12cec9ea3 ("wifi-scripts: ucode: advertise SAE-EXT-KEY AKM alongside SAE")
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-8
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24041
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
The GCMP-256 pairwise cipher was advertised based only on the BSS htmode
(HE/EHT), without checking whether the driver actually implements it. On
phys that do not support GCMP-256 this makes hostapd reject the
configuration and fail to start.
Query the phy's NL80211 cipher suite list in device_capabilities() and
expose a phy_features.cipher_gcmp256 flag, then only offer GCMP-256 when
the driver advertises the GCMP-256 cipher suite (00-0F-AC:9, 0x000fac09),
mirroring how the HT/VHT feature flags are already gated on the reported
phy capabilities. This covers both the sae/sae-mixed "GCMP-256 CCMP"
pairwise default and the GCMP-256 pairwise cipher in the sae-compat RSNE
Override 2 element.
The "GCMP-256 CCMP" default now keys off driver support alone instead of
the htmode; a follow-up commit reintroduces the per-mode/EHT restriction
via a gcmp256 option.
Fixes: 1f86f4e471 ("wifi-scripts: ucode: simplify wpa_pairwise default selection")
Fixes: 86b9eec8f0 ("wifi-scripts: ucode: add WPA3-Personal Compatibility Mode")
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-8
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24041
Signed-off-by: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
The Hasivo S1300WP-8XGT-4S+ is a 12-port managed switch based on the
Realtek RTL9313 (RTL931x) SoC.
Tested on hardware revision v1.02 (manufactured 2026-04).
Specifications:
- SoC: Realtek RTL9313
- RAM: 512 MB
- Flash: 32 MB SPI-NOR
- Ethernet: 8x 10GBASE-T (2x RTL8264 quad PHYs), 4x SFP+ (10G)
- Button: 1x reset
- LEDs: 1x system (green) + per-port link/activity via the SoC LED engine
- RTC: NXP PCF8563
- Management MCU (I2C 0x6F): watchdog, CPU/system temperature and fan
control (hwmon)
- UART: 38400 8N1 on the internal header
Working: switching on all copper and SFP+ ports, per-port and system
LEDs, reset button, RTC, watchdog, temperature/fan monitoring.
Not supported: PoE (the PD69x0x PSE controllers are on the PCB but not
driven), front-panel USB host.
Installation:
Netboot the initramfs image over TFTP, then run sysupgrade from OpenWrt.
Connect to the serial console (38400 8N1) and interrupt the U-Boot
autoboot to reach the prompt (press Ctrl+C, then z, then h), then boot
the initramfs image from a TFTP server:
RTL9310# setenv boardmodel RTL9313_12XGE
RTL9310# rtk network on
RTL9310# rtk 10g 55 fiber1g
RTL9310# tftpboot 0x84f00000 openwrt-...-initramfs-kernel.bin
RTL9310# bootm 0x84f00000
Port 55 is front-panel port 12. Use fiber1g for a 1G SFP, fiber10g for
SFP+, and dac50cm for an SFP/RJ45 module. Once OpenWrt has booted, copy
the sysupgrade image over and flash it with sysupgrade.
MAC addresses:
The base MAC comes from the U-Boot environment variable "ethaddr" in
the u-boot-env partition (stock BDINFO). These units ship unprovisioned
(ethaddr = 00:E0:4C:00:00:00); in that case a random MAC is generated
and persisted. Per-port LAN MACs are derived sequentially.
eth0 / label u-boot-env "ethaddr" (random fallback when unset)
lan1 .. lan12 base MAC + sequential offset
Signed-off-by: Carlo Szelinsky <github@szelinsky.de>
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/23775
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
Add support for RTL9313-based Ubiquiti UniFi USW Pro XG 8 PoE switch
with 8x 10G RJ45 and 2x SFP+ ports.
Hardware
========
- RTL9313 switch SoC
- 512 MiB RAM
- 32 MiB SPI-NOR flash
- 8x 100M/1G/2.5G/5G/10G RJ45 ports via 2x RTL8264B
- PoE: 8x 802.3bt, 60W per port, 155W total budget
- 2x 1G/2.5G/10G SFP+ ports
- Buttons: 1x Reset
- LEDs:
- System LED white/blue
- RGBW LED per port
- Console: TTL 3.3V, 115200 8N1, populated 4-pin header
(device must be opened to access header)
- Etherlighting feature (lighting patterns and color control)
- Vendor firmware: U-Boot + LEDE-based Ubiquiti OS
MAC address
===========
Single MAC address in EEPROM partition, applied to all ports.
Known issues
============
- PoE not available, depends on WIP Realtek PSE MCU driver
- Etherlighting not controllable, driver WIP. Port LEDs for link work
though. By default, the controller keeps the LEDs in a breathing
state, gated by the link state delivered by the Realtek SoC.
Disclaimer
==========
Stock firmware uses a dual-bank layout (kernel0/kernel1, ~15 MiB each).
OpenWrt replaces both banks with a single contiguous firmware partition.
Flashing OpenWrt overwrites both stock kernel slots; U-Boot remains
intact and can be used for recovery.
Installation
============
1. Enable SSH on the stock UniFi OS and log in with user account.
(at this stage you may make backups of the flash, just to be sure)
2. Copy the OpenWrt sysupgrade image to /tmp on the switch (e.g. via
scp).
3. Adjust IMG below to point at the copied file, then run the block as a
whole. It writes kernel0, splits into kernel1 if the image is larger
than that slot (otherwise invalidates kernel1 so U-Boot cannot pick
a stale bank), and reboots:
IMG=/tmp/openwrt-realtek-rtl931x-ubnt_usw-pro-xg-8-poe-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin
K0_BLOCKS=$((0xec0000 / 0x10000))
dd if="$IMG" of=/dev/mtdblock2 bs=64k count=$K0_BLOCKS conv=fsync
if [ "$(wc -c < "$IMG")" -gt $((0xec0000)) ]; then
dd if="$IMG" of=/dev/mtdblock3 bs=64k skip=$K0_BLOCKS conv=fsync
else
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mtdblock3 bs=64k count=1 conv=fsync
fi
sync
Then reboot the switch, it comes up in OpenWrt after reboot.
You may also install the image in any other way, just make sure to
write it to the kernel0 partition and if the image is larger than
16MiB, write the rest to the kernel1 partition, otherwise invalidate
it so U-Boot cannot boot from the second bank.
4. It is recommended to modify the bootcmd to speedup the boot and prevent
any issues due to the dual-boot selection. Since U-Boot by default
uses bootubnt which does a lot of (unneeded) RTK initialization,
quite some time passes until Linux is started. Additionally, the
U-boot logic fiddles with some bits on flash which causes JFFS2
errors in OpenWrt. While this doesn't seem to cause issues yet, be
defensive and set the bootcmd to:
bootm 0xb4150000
This directly boots the uImage from flash, without doing all the
initialization. OpenWrt is able to bootstrap the networking completely
on its own.
It does not matter which bank stock booted from when the dd block
runs: both banks are touched in the same pass (kernel0 written, kernel1
either written or invalidated). With kernel1 invalidated, U-Boot's
internal fallback kicks in and permanently switches to kernel0 on the
next boot, so the device stays on OpenWrt as long as kernel0 is
bootable.
Recovery
========
Since the installation procedure invalidates or partially overwrites
the second bank, recovery requires serial console access (see Hardware
above for pinout).
1. Interrupt U-Boot autoboot by spamming a key during early boot to
drop into the U-Boot prompt.
2. Bring up networking:
rtk network on
3. Transfer an OpenWrt initramfs image via TFTP and boot it:
tftpboot 0x82000000 <server>:<initramfs.bin>
bootm 0x82000000
4. From the running initramfs OpenWrt, do a sysupgrade to reflash
OpenWrt or whatever you want to recover. There is no need for the
complicated procedure from installation since OpenWrt sees the
firmware partition already as a whole.
Return to stock firmware
========================
There is no fully-supported revert path. The stock firmware blob is a
Ubiquiti UBNT archive (header + parts, see firmware-utils' fw.h) that
embeds a u-boot and a kernel0 uImage payload; only the latter is
relevant when writing back to the kernel partitions.
The snippet below extracts the kernel0 uImage from such a blob by
locating the uImage magic and using the size carried in the uImage
header itself, without parsing any UBNT framing. It is provided as a
best-effort starting point; verify the result before flashing,
otherwise you're on your own:
BLOB=US3.rtl93xx_7.4.1+X.Y.Z.bin
OFF=$(grep -aboF $'\x27\x05\x19\x56' "$BLOB" | head -1 | cut -d: -f1)
SIZE=$(( $(dd if="$BLOB" bs=1 skip=$((OFF + 12)) count=4 2>/dev/null \
| hexdump -e '1/4 "%u"') + 64 ))
dd if="$BLOB" of=kernel0.uImage bs=1 skip="$OFF" count="$SIZE"
Once you have a clean uImage, it can be written to the kernel partition
from within OpenWrt. If you adjusted the bootcmd during installation,
make sure to restore it to the default "bootcmd=bootubnt". After a reboot,
Ubiquiti's firmware should boot.
Or, if you did backups of the flash before, just write the backup to the
flash.
Link: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/24010
Signed-off-by: Jonas Jelonek <jelonek.jonas@gmail.com>
